Thymosin Beta-4¶
Identification¶
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 77591-33-4 |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S |
| Molecular Weight | ~4,963.5 Da |
| Sequence | Ac-SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES-OH |
| Amino Acid Count | 43 |
| Appearance | White to off-white lyophilized powder |
| Purity Standard | ≥99% by HPLC |
| Solubility | Soluble in sterile water or PBS |
| Storage | 2–8°C, desiccated, protect from light |
Category: Healing & Recovery
Catalog SKU: PSH-TB4-5MG
Research Background¶
Thymosin Beta-4 is a naturally occurring 43-amino acid polypeptide found in virtually all mammalian cells. It was originally identified as the thymic hormone responsible for T-cell maturation, but subsequent research revealed its primary intracellular function: G-actin sequestration. By maintaining the cellular actin monomer pool, Thymosin Beta-4 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics critical for cell migration, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Unlike its synthetic fragment TB-500, full-length Thymosin Beta-4 retains the complete N-terminal actin-binding domain and C-terminal regulatory regions, offering the full biological activity of the native protein.
Key Mechanisms¶
| Mechanism | Details |
|---|---|
| G-Actin Sequestration | 1:1 binding to monomeric actin (Kd ~0.7 μM) → maintains actin monomer pool for rapid filament assembly |
| Cell Migration | Actin dynamics → lamellipodia formation in keratinocytes and endothelial cells |
| Anti-Apoptotic Signaling | Akt/Bad pathway activation → mitochondrial outer membrane stabilization |
| Anti-Inflammatory | Reduces TNF-α, IL-6; promotes M2 macrophage polarization via NF-κB modulation |
Research Focus Areas¶
Angiogenesis¶
Endothelial cell migration & capillary tube formation in wound models
Dermal Wound Healing¶
Keratinocyte migration; accelerated re-epithelialization
Cardiac Protection¶
Cardiomyocyte survival post-ischemia; Akt activation
Inflammation Resolution¶
NF-κB suppression; M2 macrophage polarization
Hair Follicle Cycling¶
Dermal papilla cell activation; anagen phase promotion
Available Configurations¶
| Configuration | Content | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Kit | 5 mg × 10 vials | Tissue regeneration models; evaluation |
| Custom | Custom mg × custom vials | OEM; private-label; bulk research |
Tiered Wholesale Pricing¶
| Volume | Discount | For |
|---|---|---|
| 1 kit | List price | Evaluation; competitive analysis |
| 5+ kits | 10% off | Initial portfolio expansion |
| 20+ kits | 20% off | Mid-size distributors |
| 50+ kits | 30% off | Regional distributors |
Quality Specifications¶
| Parameter | Method | Criterion |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | HPLC at 214 nm, C18 column | ≥99.0% peak area |
| Identity (MW) | ESI-MS | ~4,963.5 ± 1.0 Da |
| Appearance | Visual inspection | White to off-white powder |
| Peptide Content | Amino acid analysis | ≥80% net peptide |
| Residual Moisture | Karl Fischer | ≤3% |
Frequently Asked Questions¶
Q1: What is the difference between TB-500 and Thymosin Beta-4?¶
TB-500 is the synthetic N-terminal fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ, ~889 Da) of the full 43-amino acid Thymosin Beta-4 protein. TB-500 retains the core actin-binding motif but lacks the full C-terminal regulatory sequence. Thymosin Beta-4 is the complete native protein with broader biological activity including additional binding domains and post-translational interaction sites.
Q2: What research applications is Thymosin Beta-4 used for?¶
Primarily wound healing, angiogenesis, cardiac protection, and tissue regeneration research. Its actin-sequestering activity makes it a key tool in cytoskeletal dynamics studies. Also investigated in dermal repair, corneal healing, and hair follicle biology.
Q3: How should Thymosin Beta-4 be stored and reconstituted?¶
Reconstitute with sterile water or PBS (pH 7.0–7.4). The full-length protein is slightly more complex to handle than TB-500 due to its larger size. Aliquot single-use portions and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Lyophilized powder: 24-month stability at 2–8°C.
Q4: Is Thymosin Beta-4 the same as Thymosin α1?¶
No. Thymosin α1 (28 amino acids, ~3,108 Da) and Thymosin β4 (43 amino acids, ~4,964 Da) are distinct proteins with different biological roles. Thymosin α1 is primarily immunomodulatory, while Thymosin β4 is primarily involved in actin dynamics and tissue repair.
Q5: Do you offer custom Thymosin Beta-4 configurations?¶
Yes. Standard kit is 5mg × 10 vials. Custom mg per vial and vial count available for qualifying wholesale orders. Contact us for a custom quotation including private-label options.
Key Research References¶
| Reference | PMID | Key Finding |
|---|---|---|
| Malinda KM et al. "Thymosin β4 accelerates wound healing." J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(3):364–368. | 10469335 | Full-length Thymosin Beta-4 significantly accelerates dermal wound closure and increases collagen deposition in vivo through cell migration and angiogenesis |
| Bock-Marquette I et al. "Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival, and cardiac repair." Nature. 2004;432(7016):466–472. | 15565145 | Tβ4 activates Akt via integrin-linked kinase, promoting cardiomyocyte survival post-MI; reduces scar size and improves cardiac function |
| Philp D et al. "Thymosin β4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development." Mech Ageing Dev. 2004;125(2):113–115. | 15037013 | Tβ4 stimulates endothelial cell migration, capillary formation, VEGF expression, and hair follicle anagen phase promotion |
Stability & Storage¶
| Condition | Degradation Profile |
|---|---|
| Lyophilized Storage | 24 months at 2–8°C in desiccated environment, protect from light |
| Neutral pH (7.0–7.4) | Stable; recommended for reconstitution in sterile water or PBS. pH 7.0–7.4 is optimal for the full-length 43-amino acid protein |
| Acidic pH (<5.0) | Risk of protein denaturation and aggregation; avoid acidic buffers |
| Reconstituted Solution | 24 h at 2–8°C; aliquot single-use portions and freeze at −20°C. Larger protein (~5 kDa) — handle gently, never vortex. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw |
| N-Terminal Acetylation | Ac-SDKP N-terminal acetyl group provides additional stability against aminopeptidase degradation |
Source & Purchase¶
For research-grade THYMOSIN BETA 4 and related compounds in this category, visit the PeptideSourceHub category page for bulk pricing and available specifications.
Browse THYMOSIN BETA 4 & Related Products →
Related Products¶
| Product | Link |
|---|---|
| TB-500 (Tβ4 Fragment 17–23) | tb-500.md — Synthetic actin-binding domain fragment |
| BPC-157 | bpc-157.md — Protection compound for tissue repair |
| ARA-290 | ara-290.md — Innate Repair Receptor agonist |
| GHK-Cu | ghk-cu.md — Copper tripeptide for wound healing |